產品介紹
花崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)是(shi)巖(yan)(yan)漿在(zai)地(di)下深處經冷凝而形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)深成(cheng)酸性火成(cheng)巖(yan)(yan),部(bu)分花崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)為(wei)巖(yan)(yan)漿和沉積巖(yan)(yan)經變質而形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)片麻巖(yan)(yan)類或(huo)混合巖(yan)(yan)化的(de)巖(yan)(yan)石,多為(wei)淺肉紅色、淺灰色、灰白(bai)色等。其語(yu)源是(shi)拉(la)丁文的(de)granum,意指顆粒。因花崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)質地(di)堅硬,色澤美麗,不僅是(shi)很好的(de)建筑材料,還是(shi)露天雕刻的(de)..之材。
1.火成(cheng)巖(yan)的(de)一(yi)種,在地殼上分(fen)(fen)布.廣,是巖(yan)漿在地殼深處逐漸冷卻(que)凝結成(cheng)的(de)結晶巖(yan)體,主要(yao)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)是石英、長石和云母。一(yi)般是黃色帶(dai)粉紅的(de),也(ye)有灰白色的(de)。質地堅硬(ying),色澤美麗,是很好的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)材(cai)料。通稱(cheng)花崗石。
2.比喻頑固不化:花崗巖腦(nao)袋。
花崗巖成分:
花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)巖是巖漿在(zai)地下深(shen)處經冷凝而(er)形成(cheng)(cheng)的深(shen)成(cheng)(cheng)酸性火成(cheng)(cheng)巖,部分花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)巖為(wei)巖漿和(he)沉(chen)積巖經變質而(er)形成(cheng)(cheng)的片麻巖類或混合巖化(hua)的巖石(shi)(shi)。花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)巖主要(yao)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)礦物為(wei)長(chang)石(shi)(shi)、石(shi)(shi)英(ying)、黑白云母等(deng),石(shi)(shi)英(ying)含(han)量是10%~50%。長(chang)石(shi)(shi)含(han)量約總(zong)量之2/3,分為(wei)正長(chang)石(shi)(shi)、斜(xie)長(chang)石(shi)(shi)(堿石(shi)(shi)灰)及(ji)微斜(xie)長(chang)石(shi)(shi)(鉀堿)。不同品種的礦物成(cheng)(cheng)份不盡相同,還可能有(you)含(han)輝石(shi)(shi)和(he)角閃石(shi)(shi)。
甘肅花崗巖質地堅硬(ying),難被酸堿或(huo)風(feng)化作用(yong)侵蝕,常被用(yong)于建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)的材料。花(hua)崗(gang)(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(Granite)的語源是拉丁文的granum,而(er)漢字名(ming)詞花(hua)崗(gang)(gang)巖(yan)(yan)則(ze)(ze)是由日本(ben)人翻譯而(er)來。明(ming)治(zhi)初期(qi)的辭典與地質學(xue)書籍(ji)將Granite翻譯作花(hua)崗(gang)(gang)巖(yan)(yan)或(huo)花(hua)剛(gang)巖(yan)(yan)。花(hua)形容這種(zhong)巖(yan)(yan)石有美麗的斑紋,剛(gang)或(huo)崗(gang)(gang)則(ze)(ze)表(biao)示這種(zhong)巖(yan)(yan)石很堅硬(ying),也就是有著花(hua)般斑紋的剛(gang)硬(ying)巖(yan)(yan)石的意思(si)。
花崗巖形態特征:
花(hua)(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)質(zhi)地(di)堅硬致密、強度高(gao)、抗風化、耐(nai)腐蝕、耐(nai)磨損(sun)、吸水性(xing)低,美麗的(de)(de)色(se)澤還(huan)能保(bao)存百年(nian)以上,是(shi)建(jian)筑的(de)(de)好(hao)(hao)材(cai)料,但它不耐(nai)熱。花(hua)(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)石材(cai)按色(se)彩(cai)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)紋、光澤、結構和(he)材(cai)質(zhi)等因素,分不同(tong)級次。臺(tai)灣(wan)經濟(ji)部(bu)(bu)礦(kuang)物局將花(hua)(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)分為黑色(se)系(xi)、棕色(se)系(xi)、綠色(se)系(xi)、灰白色(se)系(xi)、淺紅色(se)系(xi)及深紅色(se)系(xi)六類。花(hua)(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)雖然是(shi)建(jian)筑的(de)(de)好(hao)(hao)材(cai)料,但是(shi)部(bu)(bu)份地(di)區的(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)會(hui)溢(yi)出氡(dong),一種天然放射性(xing)氣體。氡(dong)會(hui)使人罹患肺癌,香港有13%的(de)(de)肺癌死者死因就(jiu)是(shi)氡(dong)氣過濃。
富(fu)含(han)(han)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)和(he)長(chang)(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粗粒或(huo)(huo)中(zhong)粒侵入巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),是(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)殼中(zhong).常(chang)(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深成巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),由(you)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)漿在(zai)地(di)(di)殼深處(chu)冷卻而(er)成。由(you)于可(ke)作鋪路(lu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)塊和(he)建筑石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料,開采花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)度是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)門重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行業(ye)。花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)可(ke)以呈巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)脈或(huo)(huo)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)床產出,更有代表性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)規模變化極大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)規則巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)體(ti)。主(zhu)要(yao)組分(fen)是(shi)(shi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),斜長(chang)(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)堿(jian)性(xing)長(chang)(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般都(dou)(dou)很豐富(fu),二者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相對豐度成了花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)基礎。大(da)(da)多(duo)數(shu)花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong),這(zhe)里兩類(lei)(lei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比值都(dou)(dou)小于1/2。屬于這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有美國(guo)東部(bu)、中(zhong)部(bu)、和(he)西南部(bu),英(ying)(ying)格蘭(lan)西南部(bu),波羅的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)海地(di)(di)盾區,法(fa)國(guo)西部(bu)和(he)中(zhong)部(bu),西班牙以及其他許多(duo)地(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)多(duo)數(shu)花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。斜長(chang)(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)地(di)(di)超(chao)過(guo)堿(jian)性(xing)長(chang)(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)類(lei)(lei),在(zai)美國(guo)西部(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些地(di)(di)區常(chang)(chang)見。堿(jian)性(xing)長(chang)(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)含(han)(han)量大(da)(da)大(da)(da)超(chao)過(guo)斜長(chang)(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)產于新英(ying)(ying)格蘭(lan),英(ying)(ying)國(guo)和(he)挪威奧斯(si)陸(lu)地(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)許多(duo)地(di)(di)點(dian),但(dan)都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)較(jiao)(jiao)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)體(ti),在(zai)尼(ni)日利(li)亞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北部(bu)發育十分(fen)廣泛。巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)含(han)(han)量少(shao)于20%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)叫花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),暗(an)色(se)礦(kuang)物(wu)(鐵(tie)(tie)鎂(mei)質礦(kuang)物(wu))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de).大(da)(da)含(han)(han)量大(da)(da)約為20%(按體(ti)積)。花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)較(jiao)(jiao)少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)礦(kuang)物(wu)是(shi)(shi)白云(yun)(yun)母(mu)、黑(hei)云(yun)(yun)母(mu)、角(jiao)閃(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、輝石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)(huo)罕見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)橄欖石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。黑(hei)云(yun)(yun)母(mu)可(ke)以產于任(ren)何(he)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong),而(er)且通(tong)常(chang)(chang)都(dou)(dou)有,盡(jin)管有時含(han)(han)量很少(shao)。含(han)(han)鈉(na)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)閃(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)輝石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(鈉(na)閃(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、鈉(na)鐵(tie)(tie)閃(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、霓石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))是(shi)(shi)堿(jian)性(xing)花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)特有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。如(ru)果兩類(lei)(lei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)沒有一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)類(lei)(lei)含(han)(han)量大(da)(da)大(da)(da)超(chao)過(guo)另一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)類(lei)(lei),那么角(jiao)閃(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、輝石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)都(dou)(dou)不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)可(ke)能是(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)礦(kuang)物(wu);暗(an)色(se)礦(kuang)物(wu)通(tong)常(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)黑(hei)云(yun)(yun)母(mu)或(huo)(huo)白云(yun)(yun)母(mu),或(huo)(huo)是(shi)(shi)二者(zhe)兼有。
應用價值:
花(hua)崗巖(yan)得天(tian)獨厚的(de)(de)物理特(te)性(xing)加上(shang)它美麗的(de)(de)花(hua)紋使他成(cheng)為建筑(zhu)的(de)(de)上(shang)好(hao)材(cai)料,素有“巖(yan)石(shi)之(zhi)王(wang)”之(zhi)稱(cheng),還有人(ren)用一(yi)觀、二量、三聽、四試來評價好(hao)壞。在建筑(zhu)中花(hua)崗巖(yan)從屋(wu)頂到地板都能使用,人(ren)行道的(de)(de)路(lu)緣(yuan)也是,若是把它壓碎還能制成(cheng)水泥(ni)或(huo)巖(yan)石(shi)填充(chong)壩。許多(duo)需要耐風吹雨打(da)或(huo)需要長存的(de)(de)地方或(huo)物品都是由花(hua)崗巖(yan)制成(cheng)的(de)(de)。像是臺北(bei)(bei)“中正紀念堂”的(de)(de)牌子和北(bei)(bei)京天(tian)安門前人(ren)民英(ying)雄紀念碑(bei)都是花(hua)崗巖(yan)做(zuo)的(de)(de)。花(hua)崗巖(yan)過了(le)千年仍歷(li)久不(bu)衰的(de)(de)特(te)性(xing),..的(de)(de)埃(ai)及金(jin)字塔(ta)就證明了(le)這一(yi)點。
花崗巖結構均勻,質(zhi)地堅硬,顏色(se)美觀,是優質(zhi)建(jian)筑(zhu)石料。抗(kang)壓強度(du)根據石材品種和(he)產地不(bu)(bu)同而異,約為1000-3000公斤/厘米。花崗巖不(bu)(bu)易風(feng)化,顏色(se)美觀,外觀色(se)澤可(ke)保持(chi)百(bai)年以上,由于(yu)其硬度(du)高、耐磨損,除(chu)了用作高級建(jian)筑(zhu)裝飾工程、大廳地面外,還是露天雕刻的(de)..之材。
商業用(yong)花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)包(bao)括(kuo)前述之(zhi)(zhi)花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、片(pian)(pian)麻巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),片(pian)(pian)麻花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)片(pian)(pian)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)及學者所稱之(zhi)(zhi)正長(chang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)閃長(chang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)介于其(qi)間之(zhi)(zhi)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)。片(pian)(pian)麻巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)類(lei)(lei)(lei)之(zhi)(zhi)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)包(bao)括(kuo)礦(kuang)(kuang)物成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)、類(lei)(lei)(lei)似花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)及具粒(li)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)結(jie)晶組織(zhi)者。商業用(yong)花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)亦(yi)包(bao)括(kuo)其(qi)它類(lei)(lei)(lei)似之(zhi)(zhi)組織(zhi)、含少(shao)量副成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)礦(kuang)(kuang)物之(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)石(shi)質結(jie)晶巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),主(zhu)要為裝(zhuang)飾(shi)用(yong)者,如巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)學者所稱之(zhi)(zhi)鈣斜(xie)長(chang)石(shi)。片(pian)(pian)麻巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)為具粗(cu)理之(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)晶質巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi),主(zhu)要由硅酸(suan)鹽(yan)類(lei)(lei)(lei)礦(kuang)(kuang)物組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),呈鑲嵌狀(zhuang)(zhuang)及粒(li)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)結(jie)晶組織(zhi),不同類(lei)(lei)(lei)之(zhi)(zhi)礦(kuang)(kuang)物以(yi)規則或(huo)不規則,交互排列而造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。依照美國的材料(liao)試驗協會分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)分(fen)(fen)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)普(pu)通(tong)花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)與黑(hei)(hei)花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)兩種(zhong)。普(pu)通(tong)花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)由石(shi)英、長(chang)石(shi)、云石(shi)等組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),又因有(you)色(se)礦(kuang)(kuang)物而帶有(you)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)或(huo)暗綠色(se),整體而言常受(shou)長(chang)石(shi)左(zuo)右其(qi)色(se)澤。黑(hei)(hei)花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的暗綠色(se)或(huo)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi),由斜(xie)長(chang)石(shi)、輝石(shi)、橄欖石(shi)、角閃石(shi)等造(zao)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),故黑(hei)(hei)花(hua)(hua)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)又分(fen)(fen)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)斑糲巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、輝綠巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、玄武巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)等三種(zhong)。
巖石成因:
在成因方面,有(you)人認為(wei)花(hua)崗巖是地(di)殼深處的(de)花(hua)崗巖漿經冷凝結晶(jing)或由(you)玄(xuan)武巖漿結晶(jing)分異而成,也有(you)人認為(wei)是深度變質和交代作用(yong)(yong)所引(yin)起的(de)花(hua)崗巖化作用(yong)(yong)的(de)結果。許(xu)多有(you)色金屬(shu)(shu)礦(kuang)產如銅、鉛、鋅、鎢(wu)、錫、鉍、鉬(mu)等,貴金屬(shu)(shu)如金、銀等,稀有(you)金屬(shu)(shu)如鈮、鉭、鈹等,放射性元素(su)如鈾、釷等,都與(yu)花(hua)崗巖有(you)關。花(hua)崗巖結構均勻,質地(di)堅硬,顏色美觀,是優質建筑石料。